Goethean Science - Realism and Positivism

There are two approaches to science:
- Most physicists, i.e. Stephen Hawking, and Niels Bohr, are 'positivists':
  - "a physical theory is just a mathematical model - it is meaningless to ask whether it corresponds to reality"
    - i.e. Copenhagen (Standard) Model of Quantum Physics
- However, a few phycists i.e. Roger Penrose and Albert Einstein have proposed realism:
  - "there should exist something like a real world"
- Since positivists have found their theories to be incomplete [see Penrose], I propose realism.
  - However reality is difficult for conventional scientific thinking (some say it is impossible). Neither Einstein ("God does not play with dice") or Penrose have had much success with a common-sense theory of reality.
Hawking and Penrose, The Nature of Space and Time, Princeton University Press, 1996, pp. 3-4, 134-135.